Egypt and Syria formed a sovereign union known as the United Arab Republic

The union was short-lived, ending in 1961 when Syria seceded, thus ending the union. During nearly all of its existence, the United Arab Republic was also in a loose confederation with North Yemen. known as the United Arab States.In 1959, the All-Palestine Government of the Gaza Strip, an Egyptian client state, was absorbed into the United Arab Republic underneath the pretext of Arab union, and was never restored. The Arab Socialist Union, a new nasserist state-party was founded in 1962. In the first 1960s, Egypt became fully associated with the North Yemen Civil War.The Egyptian President, Gamal Abdel Nasser, supported the Yemeni republicans with up to 70,000 Egyptian troops and chemical weapons. Despite several military moves and peace conferences, the war sank into a stalemate. Egyptian commitment in Yemen was greatly undermined later. In mid May 1967, the Soviet Union issued warnings to Nasser of an impending Israeli attack on Syria. Although the chief of staff Mohamed Fawzi verified them as "baseless"Nasser took three successive steps that made the war virtually inevitable: on 14 May he deployed his troops in Sinai close to the border with Israel, on 19 May he expelled the UN peacekeepers stationed in the Sinai Peninsula border with Israel, and on 23 May he closed the Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping. On 26 May Nasser declared, "The battle is a general one and our basic objective is to destroy Israel ". ----

---- Israel re-iterated that the Straits of Tiran closure was a Casus belli.This prompted the start of the Third Arab Israeli War (Six-Day War) by which Israel attacked Egypt, and occupied Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip, which Egypt had occupied since the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.Through the 1967 war, an Emergency Law was enacted, and remained in effect until 2012, with the exception of an 18-month break in 1980/81. Under this law, police powers were extended, constitutional rights suspended and censorship legalised. During the time of the fall of the Egyptian monarchy in the first 1950s, less than half of a million Egyptians were considered upper class and rich, four million middle income and 17 million lower class and poor. Fewer than 1 / 2 of all primary-school-age children attended school, a lot of them being boys. Nasser's policies changed this. Land reform and distribution, the dramatic growth in university education, and government support to national industries greatly improved social mobility and flattened the social curve. From academic year 1953–54 through 1965–66, overall public school enrolments more than doubled. Millions of previously poor Egyptians, through education and jobs in people sector, joined the center class. Doctors, engineers, teachers, lawyers, journalists, constituted the bulk of the swelling middle income in Egypt under Nasser. Through the 1960s, the Egyptian economy went from sluggish to the verge of collapse, the society became less free, and Nasser's appeal waned considerably